ANALYSIS OF SERUM LEVEL OF CYSTATIN C FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF PRE-HYPERTENSIVE NEPHROPATHY

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and serious complication of diabetes associated with increased risk of mortality (both all-cause and cardiovascular), progression to kidney failure, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hospitalizations. Cystatin C (CyC) is a 13-kDa, nonglycosylated basic protein, produced at a constant rate by all nucleated cells. It is freely filtered by glomeruli and catabolized in tubules. Aims and objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyze the serum level of cystatin C for the early detection of pre hypertensive nephropathy. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in District Head Quarters Hospital Rawalpindi during October 2018 till December 2018. This study was done with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. The data was collected through non-probability random sampling technique method. There were total 100 patients of age range 18 to 50 years suffering from CKD. The demographic data were collected from all selected patients. 5ml of blood was collected from antecubital vein of each subject under aseptic conditions and serum was subsequently obtained through ultracentrifugation which was subsequently stored at-80 degrees Celsius in Eppendorf tubes for the measurement of biochemical parameters i.e.; Cystatin-C and creatinine. Results: The data was collected from 100 patients of both genders. The mean age range was 45±5.67 years. The median age, blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and urine specific gravity were similar in both groups. However, patients with CKD had significantly lower hemoglobin, and higher reticulocyte counts, CRP and indirect bilirubin than those with other forms of cell disease, showing the higher hemolysis, anemia, and inflammation present in patients with CKD. Conclusion: It is concluded that cystatin C is the leading biomarker in the early detection of pre hypertensive nephropathy. Diagnostic markers which reflect renal impairment at early stage is important as early intervention can slow the loss of kidney function and reduce adverse clinical outcomes. Key words: CKD, hypertensive, patients, inflammatio