Agroforestry as a Commendable Climate-Smart Agriculture Technology among Smallholder Farmers in Zambia: A Review

For over two decades, Zambian smallholder farmers have been exposed to agroforestry technologies that have been widely researched and implemented. Climate change and extremes are common throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, especially Zambia. When people are impoverished and vulnerable, as they are in this location, these elements can make life extremely difficult. In Zambia, agroforestry projects are being pushed among agricultural households to combat the problems given by climate change and variability. Despite all of the research and outreach efforts over the years, few farmers have accepted this technology. As a result, the study focuses on the effects of agroforestry adoption on the household welfare of smallholder farmers in Zambia. Adopters of agroforestry technologies generated greater overall income per household than they would have if they had not adopted the technologies, according to empirical studies. Non-adopters had lower total household income than in the alternative scenario. As a result, it is suggested that rural families foster the creation of associations (e.g., farmer cooperatives, farmer groups). Furthermore, strengthen educational foundation by increasing investment in the education and extension sector, particularly in rural areas. As a result, a comprehensive study is required to use expenditure and consumption approaches to assess smallholder farmers' household welfare after they adopt agroforestry technologies in Zambia