UNDERSTANDING OSTEOPOROSIS, IT'S RISK, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

Osteoporosis refers to porous bone which is an ailment wherein the bones become weak and delicate, brittle from loss of tissue, typically because of hormonal changes, or lack of calcium or vitamin D. Estrogen and Calcium deficiency,Poor nutrition,Malabsorption, Amenorrhea, Inactive lifestyle, Female gender, Smoking, Hyperthyroidism could be the main factors responsible for osteoporosis. Signs and symptoms of osteoporosis include tenderness or bone pain, loss of height overtime, neck or lower back pain due to fractures,etc More than 200 million individuals worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, and the prevalence of the disease increases as people age. Bone density is directly affected due to hormonal changes that happens at menopause due to which women are at high risk than men for developing osteoporosis. Inability to reach peak bone mass and the Imbalance of bone absorption and formation are some combination factors that can result into osteoporosis. Bone Mineral Density(BMD) Measurement, Clinical risk factors and fracture risk assessment, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) can be used to diagnose the disease. The various kinds of models of osteoporosis are also been described in this article of osteoporosis.The treatment for osteoporosis includes biphosphates, Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT), Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERM), Denosumab, Anabolics like Teriparatide, Abaloparatide and Romosozumab. Key Words: Osteoporotic fracture, Osteoporosis, Epidemiology, Osteoporosis management, Bone mineral density, Fracture risk