Examining the role of cognitive distortion and parental bonding in depressive symptoms among male adolescents: A randomised crossover trial

Adolescent depression is increasingly often treated with unsuitable drugs. To date, there is limited information on long-term outcomes of adolescent depression. The present study investigated the relationship between severity of depressive symptoms among male adolescents and a wider range of adult functional outcomes. It further examined the influence of parent-child relationship and cognitive distortion to depressive symptoms among adolescents. A total of 150 male adolescents took part in the study. Multiple regression analysis revealed that self-criticism (β = 0.60), helplessness (β = 0.34, preoccupation with danger (β = 0.22), and self-blame (β = 0.14) were positively linked to adolescent depression. Father overprotection (β = 0.10) is positively linked to depression among male adolescents, while the father care dimension of parent-child relationship is negatively linked to adolescent depression (β = 10.10). Findings support the improvement of access to adolescent mental health services