Semi-automated resolution of inconsistency for a harmonized multiword-expression and dependency-parse annotation

This chapter presents a methodology for identifying and resolving various kinds of inconsistency in the context of merging dependency and multiword expression (MWE) annotations, to generate a dependency treebank with comprehensive MWE annotations. Candidates for correction are identified using a variety of heuristics, including an entirely novel one which identifies violations of MWE constituency in the dependency tree, and resolved by arbitration with minimal human intervention. Using this technique, we identified and corrected several hundred inconsistencies across both parse and MWE annotations, representing changes to a significant percentage (well over 10\%) of the MWE instances in the joint corpus and a large difference in MWE tagging performance relative to earlier versions