THE IMPACT OF ABIOTIC STRESSES ON PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Drought, cold, excessive salt, and heat are key abiotic factors limiting global food crop yields. Due to the multigenic nature of tolerance to stress, traditional cultivating plant techniques for improving agricultural tolerance to abiotic stress have had little effectiveness.Plants are regularly exposed to unfavorable environments such as abiotic stresses, which significantly influence yield determination and the distribution of distinct plant species in various situations. Plants respond to adversity by activating enzymes, creating intricate gene linkages, and engaging with molecular processes.In contrast, plant tolerance to heat stress is mediated by several processes and genes that can be directly introgressed into high-yielding modern crop cultivars. The important issue here is identifying the metabolic and cellular pathways damaged because of heat stress find methods to decrease the detrimental impacts on crop productivity