Cellulose nanocrystals/graphene oxide composite for the adsorption and removal of levofloxacin hydrochloride antibiotic from aqueous solution

Residual antibiotics in water are often persistent organic pollutants. The purpose of this study was to prepare a cellulose nanocrystals/graphene oxide composite (CNCs-GO) with a three-dimensional structure for the removal of the antibiotic levofloxacin hydrochloride (Levo-HCl) in water by adsorption. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and other characterization methods were used to study the physical structure and chemical properties of the CNCs-GO. The three-dimensional structure of the composite material rendered a high surface area and electrostatic attraction, resulting in an increased adsorption capacity of the CNCs-GO for Levo-HCl. Based on the Box–Behnken design, the effects of different factors on the removal of Levo-HCl by the CNCs-GO were explored. The composite material exhibited good antibiotic adsorption capacity, with a removal percentage exceeding 80.1% at an optimal pH of 4, adsorbent dosage of 1.0 g L⁻1, initial pollutant concentration of 10.0 mg L⁻1, and contact time of 4 h. The adsorption isotherm was well fitted by the Sips model, and kinetics studies demonstrated that the adsorption process conformed to a quasi-second-order kinetics model. Consequently, the as-synthesized CNCs-GO demonstrate good potential for the effective removal of antibiotics such as levofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous media.Use origin, design-expert10.0, xpsprak, jade Funding provided by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China*Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809Award Number: U1803244Funding provided by: the National Key R&D Program of China *Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: 2017YFC0404304Funding provided by: the Key Science and Technology Project in special issues of Bingtuan*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: 2019DB007, 2019AB035Funding provided by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China*Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809Award Number: No.51609260Funding provided by: the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809Award Number: U1803244Funding provided by: the National Key R&D Program of ChinaCrossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: 2017YFC0404304Funding provided by: the Key Science and Technology Project in special issues of BingtuanCrossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: 2019DB007, 2019AB035single-factor experiment Material characterization Adsorption kinetics Adsorption isotherm Response surface metho