Phytochemical Studies and Antibiofilm Activity of Annona Senegalensis Plant Extracts against Three Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the stem and root extracts of Annona senegalensis for phytochemical analysis and determine the antibiofilm activity against Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. Collection of plant and bacterial stock samples followed standard practices. Plant stem and roots extracts were prepared using aqueous and methanolic methods of cold maceration and tested for the presence of various phytochemicals. Quantitative assessment of active ingredients was carried out using spectrophotometric method. Stock samples of bacteria were sub-cultured on a nutrient agar and the isolates were subjected to confirmatory tests using cultural, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. Qualitative and quantitative biofilm assays were carried out using the tube method. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods on the Minitab software. While confidence limit was set at 95% level. Results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of all phytochemicals tested in the methanolic root and stem extracts. Methanolic root had the highest amount of saponin (1.57%), terpenoid (3.39%) and flavonoid (3.44%). Aqueous stem had the highest amount of phenol (4.30%), steroid (4.71%) and cardiac glycoside (1.9%) while aqueous root had the highest amount of tannin (1.29%) and alkaloid (1.12%). The phytochemicals had significantly varied quantity in the plant (F = 6.60, (P