Adsorption of heavy metals on bentonite and modified bentonite clay, factors, kinetic and thermodynamic studies / a review

This review dealt with environmental pollution with a number of pollutants, especially pollution with heavy elements, and because of its significant effects on the environment in general and on humans in particular, despite its presence in low quantities. How to treat it in several ways, but the most effective and least economical is adsorption technology considering that heavy elements are adsorbed materials used Bentonite clay as the adsorbent surface to remove it from aqueous solutions. Several studies also dealt with the possibility of improving the adsorption properties of bentonite clay by modifying and activating it with several experimental materials and conditions. Also, they discussed the possibility of applying the most famous kinetic models and isotherms models in addition to calculating thermodynamic functions for adsorption of heavy elements on bentonite or modified bentonite cla