Data from: Tissue-specific changes in apoplastic proteins and cell wall structure during cold acclimation of winter wheat crowns

The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crown is the critical organ of low temperature stress survival over winter. In cold-acclimated crowns, ice formation in the apoplast causes severe tissue disruption as it grows at the expense of intracellular water. While previous crown studies have shown the vascular transition zone (VTZ) to have a higher freezing sensitivity than the shoot apical meristem (SAM), the mechanism behind the differential freezing response is not fully understood. Cooling cold-acclimated crowns to –10 °C resulted in an absence of VTZ tetrazolium chloride staining, whereas the temperatures at which 50% of the SAM stained positive and 50% of plants recovered (LT50) were similar after cold acclimation for 21 (–16 °C) and 42 d (–20 °C) at 4 °C. Proteomic analysis of the apoplastic fluids identified dehydrins, vernalization-responsive proteins, and cold shock proteins preferentially accumulated in the SAM. In contrast, modifications to the VTZ centered on increases in pathogenesis-related proteins, anti-freeze proteins, and sugar hydrolyzing enzymes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy focal plane array analysis identified the biochemical modification of the cell wall to enhance methyl-esterified cross-linking of glucuronoarabinoxylans in the VTZ. These findings indicate that the SAM and VTZ express two distinct tissue-specific apoplastic responses during cold acclimation.Supplementary Table S1List of identified and quantified apoplast proteins collected from the apical meristem and vascular transition zone of winter wheat cv. Norstar crowns. Plants were treated for 0, 21, or 42 d at four degrees Celsius to induce a cold acclimation response.Supplementary Table S2Apoplastic fluid malate dehydrogenase (MDH) specific activity in 'Norstar' shoot apical meristem (SAM) and vascular transition zone (VTZ) following 0, 21, or 42 d of cold acclimation. Means followed by the same letter within each column are not significantly different based on Fisher's Least Significant Difference test (P < 0.05).Supplementary Figures S1 and S2For Supplementary Figure S1: Venn diagrams of 42/0 and 21/0 d apoplast cold responsive proteins in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and vascular transition zone (VTZ). For Supplementary Figure S2: Second derivative of absorbance spectra collected from the SAM and VTZ.Supplementary Figs S1 and S2.pd