Data from: Maladaptation beyond a geographic range limit driven by antagonistic and mutualistic biotic interactions across an abiotic gradient

Species' geographic range limits often result from maladaptation to the novel environments beyond the range margin. However, we rarely know which aspects of the n-dimensional environment are driving this maladaptation. Especially of interest is the influence of abiotic versus biotic factors in delimiting species' distributions. We conducted a two-year reciprocal transplant experiment involving manipulations of the biotic environment to explore how spatio-temporal gradients in precipitation, fatal mammalian herbivory, and pollination affected lifetime fitness within and beyond the range of the California annual plant, Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana. In the first, drier year of the experiment, fitness outside the range edge was limited mainly by low precipitation, and there was some evidence for local adaptation within the range. In the second, wetter year, we did not observe abiotic limitations to plant fitness outside the range; instead biotic interactions, especially herbivory, limited fitness outside the range. Together, protection from herbivory and supplementation of pollen resulted in 3-7 fold increases in lifetime fitness outside the range margin in the abiotically benign year. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of biotic interactions, particularly as they interact with the abiotic environment, in determining fitness beyond geographic range boundaries.Plant Phenotypic Data for Transplant Year 1These data were collected in the field in year 1 of the transplant experiment (2015-2016). Variable definitions are in the readme file.BenningEvol2019_Year1.csvPlant Phenotypic Data for Transplant Year 2These data were collected in the field in year 2 of the transplant experiment (2016-2017). Variable definitions are in the readme file.BenningEvol2019_Year2.csvPollinator visitation dataData from pollinator observations at the six transplant sites. Variable "Flowers" indicates the number of flowers observed during that 10 minute observation period. "Visits" indicates the total number of pollinator visits observed during that 10 minute observation period.BenningEvol2019_Visitation.csvPollen Supplementation DataData from pollen supplementation experiment in year 2 of the transplant experiment, arranged as "wide" data with control and supplemented fruits from the same plant on the same row. Variable "Grid" indicates the planting grid ID. "Cell" is the planting cell ID. "c" indicates the number of seeds in the control fruit; "s" indicates the number of seeds in the supplemented fruit. "pollLimit" is the calculated pollen limitation metric.BenningEvol2019_Pollination.csvR AnalysesR Markdown file containing analyses used in the manuscript.BenningEvol2019_Dryad.RmdFunding provided by: National Science FoundationCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001Award Number: DEB-1255141, DEB-170107