Groutiella tomentosa Wijk & Margad.

Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. (Fig. 11) Taxon 9: 51 (Wijk & Margadant 1960). Macromitrium thraustophyllum Müll. Hal. ex Broth., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 24: 242 (Brotherus 1897). — Micromitrium thraustophyllum (Müll. Hal. ex Broth.) Paris, Index Bryologicus 3: 241 (Paris 1905). — Groutiella thraustophylla (Müll. Hal. ex Broth.) Wijk & Margad., Taxon 9: 51 (Wijk & Margadant 1960). — Type: Cameroon. An Bäumen und Ästen bei Bibundi, Tokko und Buea, Dusén s.n. (isosyn-, PC!), syn. nov. Macromitrium subgoniorrhynchum Broth., Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 84: 391 (Brotherus 1908). — Micromitrium subgoniorrhynchum (Broth.) Broth., Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Zweite Auflage 11: 45 (Brotherus 1925). — Groutiella subgoniorrhyncha (Broth.) Wijk & Margad., Taxon 9: 51 (Wijk & Margadant 1960). — Type: Samoa. Savai’i Island, “ Insel Savaii. Krater Maungaafi.”, syn. nov. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Angola. Cuarza River, 1937, Boss s.n. (MO). Australia. Queensland, Cook, Norris 43540, 40897, 43099, 43108 (NSW). Belize. Cayo, Las Cuevas Field Station, Allen 18062 (MO); Toledo, Columbia River Forest Reserve, Allen 18613 (MO). Bolivia. La Paz, Franz Tamayo, Fuentes et al. 4060 (MO); Santa Cruz, Prov. Ichilo, Churchill & Arroyo P. 21527-B (MO). Brazil. Amazonas, “ibidem loco Tanaú,” Spruce 110c (syntype of G. fragilis, NY); “in campis montecidensibus,” s.d., F. Sellow s.n. (lecto-, H); Pará, Serra do Cachimbo, Reese 16161 (MO); Base Aérea do Cachimbo & vic., Reese 16128 (MO); Sergipe, Rio Tabora, Vital 2874 (MO). Cameroon. Bipinde, Urwaldgebiet, Zenker 2186 (HBG); “an Baumstämmen und Baumästen bei Etome, Lifenja, Bonge, ltoki und Ekumba-Liongo”, Dusen s.n. (type of G. sarcotricha, PC). China. Yunnan, Simao Co., Xu 6959, 11337 (MO, PE). Colombia. Putumayo, Carretera between Mocoa and Puerto Asis, Giraldo-Cañas 2163 (MO). Comoros. Anjouan (Ndzuwani), W of Gegi, Magill & Pócs 11432 (MO); Grande Comore (Ngazidja), N of Massif du Kartala, Magill & Pócs 10947 (MO); along road between Koimbani & Salimani, Magill & Pócs 10960 (MO). Costa Rica. Guanacaste, along secondary road 150 between Tilarán & Tronadora, Crosby 3740 (MO); San José, Meseta Central, Holz CR 99-1344 (MO). Ecuador. Galápagos, Isla Santa Cruz, Weber B-13523 (MO). Gabon. Gabon, Bamba, Leits 6149 (HBG). Ghana. Eastern, Ahuri Bot. Garden near Accra, Richards 6302, 6966 (MO). Guinea. “Arbres pres de Bourouhadjo, Apr. 1901 ”, Norman s.n. (syntype of G. limbatula, PC); “Arbres pres Dango, Mar. 1901 ”, Norman s.n. (syntype of G. pleurosigmoidea, PC); Kankan, Kouroussa, “ad ramnlos editiores arborum viae, 1903”, H. Pobeguini s.n. (syntype of G. pobeguinii, PC). Honduras. Atlántida, Pico Bonito Natl. Park, Allen 17285 (MO); Comayagua, trail from San José Del Los Planes to El Plan, Allen 13755 (MO); Copán, along rd. to Agua Caliente at El Zapote, Allen 17733 (MO); Yoro, Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Allen 13513 (MO). Indonesia. Java, Samarang prope Medini, monte Ungaran, s. coll. (syntype of G. goniorrhyncha, NY); Tjibodas, Winkler 176 (HBG); Lombok, Mt. Rinjani, Sebert 1545 (NSW); Sumatra, s.l., Teysmann s.n. (NY). Ivory Coast. Dix-Huit Montagnes, Mt. Toukovi Bei Man, Frahm 802971 (MO). Jamaica. St. James Parish, Montego Bay, Hegewald 8219 (MO); St. Thomas Parish, W of Arntully & May Hall, Crosby 3350 (MO). Mauritius. S.l., 1876, Monkemeyer s.n. (HBG). Mexico. México, 22-24 mi. WSW of Mexico City, Reese 4447 (MO); Veracruz, Sierra de la Cruz, Mueller 2261a (syntype of G. schlumbergeri, NY); s.l., V. de Robillard (lectotype of G. laxtoquata, H). Nicaragua. Estelí, N slope of Cerro Tomabú, Stevens 15016 (MO); Jinotega, c. 2 km NW of San Rafael del Norte on rd., Stevens & Grijalva 15070 (MO); s.l., Schiede s.n. (HBG). Nigeria. Bendel, Benin Prov., Okomu Forest Reserve, Richards 3936 (MO); Minna, Abuja Distr., Garki Kuimi, Jones 887 (MO); Ogoja, Ikom, Afi River Forest Reserve, Jones 18947 (MO); Obudu division, Sonkwala area, Savory & Keay 25141 (MO). Panama. Panamá, along rd. around Goofy Lake, Crosby 4346 (MO). Papua New Guinea. Morobe, Yabim, 1903, J. Kaulfuss s.n. (HBG, NSW). Philippines. St-Andre-des-Arts, Paris s.n. (HBG); Luzon Island, Rizal Prov., Ramos 12550 (NSW); Sablang Prov., Fénix 12806 (NSW); Benguet Prov., Elmer 8345 (NSW). Sierra Leone. Western, Leicester Peak, 1948, Brenan s.n. (MO). Suriname. Brokopondo, Brownsberg Nat. Reserve, Magombo 5325 (MO); Para, Joden Savanne, Allen 19459 (MO); Paramaribo, s.l., Price 370 (NSW); Sipaliwini, Kayserberg Airstrip, Allen 25041 (MO). Tanzania. Tanga, Korogwe Distr., Brenan 1621 (MO). Thailand. Northern, Ban Mae Pang 30 km N of Mae Sariang, Larsen et al. 2362 (MO); 30 km S of Bo Luang along Om Koi trail, Larsen et al. 2060 (MO); Doi Pha Dam between Hang Dong & Bo Luang, Larsen et al. 2197 (MO); Peninsular, Yala, Charoenphol et al. 4140 (MO); Prachinburi, Khao Yai Natl. Park, Khao Khieo, Larsen et al. 137, 224 (MO). Trinidad and Tobago. St. George, Northern Range, near summit of Lalaja Rd., Crosby 2145 (MO). Unknown country. Longbiou, Uerhawk? s.n. (HBG); Menigsea[?], Vecas Caiccy?, Sumichrash s.n. (NSW). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. —The tropical region of the world. On bark of tree trunks and branches, rotten logs, and rocks; 5-1880 m. DESCRIPTION For description, see Brotherus 1908, 1897; Grout 1946; Florschütz-de 1964; Vitt & Crum 1970; Gangulee 1976; Crum & Anderson 1981; Vitt & Ramsay 1985; Vitt 1994; Wu 1994; Churchill & Linares 1995; Vitt et al. 1995; Allen 2002. COMMENTS In Africa, Bizot (1965, 1973) and Yu et al. (2011) treated five species as synonyms of G. tomentosa. G. thraustophylla, an old Cameroon species, was described by Müller (in Brotherus 1897), noted that “speciei praecedenti M. sarcotrichum Müll. Hal. (accepted name: Groutiella tomentosa) quoad foliorum structura omuino conveniens”. The differences between G. thraustophylla and G. sarcotrichum (accepted name: G. tomentosa) were “sed statura multo giaciliore; ramulis laxius dispositis, foliis crispulo-imbricatis, summo apice ramuli tantum indistincte spiraliter contortis, dorso rugulosis dignoscenda” (Müller in Brotherus 1897). The variation of the charateristics mentioned is all within the concept of G. tomentosa. Here we treat G. thraustophylla as a synonym of G. tomentosa. Brotherus described the leaves of Groutiella subgoniorrhyncha as being “oblongo-lanceolata, sensim auguste acuminate, acumine saepe diffracto”, the characters of leaf shape, apex are all identical to the ones of G. tomentosa. We confirmed Brotherus’ description based on the type specimen; therefore, we treat it as a synonym of G. tomentosa. The diagnostic characters for Groutiella tomentosa are the fragile, cuspidate to stoutly subulate leaves and the papillose basal leaf cells. The long, fragile subulae of the upper leaves are usually wider and fewer in the specimens from Africa than from other places (e.g. Magill 11432, Magill & Pócs 10960). G. reesei is the only other species with fragile leaf apex in the genus, the differences between them can be found in discussion of G. reesei. G. tuberculata B.H. Allen & I.H. Holz another species in the genus with papillose basal leaf cells, but the papilla of itis much more obvious than G. tomentosa, meanwhile it never has a fragile apex. There are some differences between the upper and lower leaves in G. tomentosa. The upper leaves are narrowed to a long, fragile subula (to 1 mm long). While the lower leaves usually have acute, non-fragile tips, which are similar to the leaves of G. chimborazensis, but G. chimborazensis never has a long, fragile leaf apex.Published as part of Yu, Ning-Ning & Jia, Yu, 2023, A world revisionary study of the genus Groutiella Steere (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida), pp. 161-182 in Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (7) on pages 174-178, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2023v44a7, http://zenodo.org/record/815568