Hydrodynamic shape changes underpin nuclear rerouting in branched hyphae of an oomycete pathogen

Video 1. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of germinating P. palmivora cysts from a transgenic strain expressing a cytoplasmic tdTomato and a nuclear-localized mTFP1 (LILI-td-NT) during exploratory growth at the surface of N. benthamiana roots. Z-stacks were collected every 5 min. Still images corresponding to this video are displayed in Figure 1. Scale bar is 10 µm. Video 2. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of P. palmivora LILI-td-NT infection structures during N. benthamiana root infection. The video is composed of two movies representing successful (Video 2A) and unsuccessful (Video 2B) infection events. Z-stacks were collected every 5 min. Still images corresponding to this video are displayed in Figure 2. Scale bar is 20 µm. Video 3. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of P. palmivora LILI-td-NT hyphae differentiating haustoria during N. benthamiana leaf infection. Plastids autofluorescence is shown in magenta. Frames were collected every 6.6 s. Still images corresponding to this video are shown in Figure 3. Scale bar is 20 µm. Video 4. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of P. palmivora LILI-td-NT hyphae during haustoria differentiation in N. benthamiana leaf tissues. Plastids autofluorescence is shown in magenta. Frames were collected every 4 s. Still images corresponding to this video are shown in Figure 3. Scale bar is 10 µm. Video 5. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of a P. palmivora LILI-td-NT hyphal tip on V8 agar plate. Frames were collected every 4.5 s. Still images corresponding to this video are displayed in Figure 3. Scale bar is 20 µm. Video 6. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of a P. palmivora LILI-td-NT hyphal tip on V8 agar plate. Frames were collected every 4.8 s. Still images corresponding to this video are displayed in Figure 3. Scale bar is 20 µm. Video 7. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of a P. palmivora LILI-td-NT hyphal branch point on V8 agar plate. Frames were collected every 15 s. Still images corresponding to this video are displayed in Figure 5. Scale bar is 20 µm. Video 8. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of P. palmivora LILI-td-NT mycelium on V8 agar plate without (DMSO control) (Video 8A) or with 10 mg/L Benomyl (Video 8B). Frames were collected every 12.8 s and 13 s, respectively. Still images corresponding to this video are displayed in Figure 6. Scale bar is 20 µm. Video 9. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of P. palmivora mycelium from a transgenic strain expressing a mCitrine-Centrin2 reporter and a nuclear-localized mTFP1 (LILI-NT-Ce) on V8 agar plate. Frames were collected every 3 s. This video is linked to Figure 7. Scale bar is 20 µm.This work was supported by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (GAT3395/GLD) and by the Royal Society (UF160413)