奥尔多•利奥波德生态思想研究

利奥波德是一位杰出的生态文学家，他的主要著作《沙乡年鉴》是生态文学的典范之作。国内现有的研究主要从生态哲学、生态伦理学的角度，将利奥波德作为一个哲学家或伦理学家进行探讨。本文则在借鉴国外生态批评成果的基础上，在国内首次全面地从生态文学研究的角度，把利奥波德当作一位生态文学家进行生态批评。本文虽然对国内已有的生态伦理学研究有所借鉴，但侧重点有所不同。本文的重点在于利奥波德的生态思想研究，特别侧重于他的生态整体主义思想。本文的独特性还在于对利奥波德进行了生态审美的研究，突出强调他的生态美学思想。 本文对利奥波德的大地伦理学思想、生态整体主义思想、荒野观、生态保护主义观、生态美学观以及生态教育观等思想进行评析，试图全面揭示利奥波德作品中所蕴含的丰富的生态思想，使其受到应有的关注。 本文认为大地伦理学是一种新型的适用性较强的伦理学。它不同于将道德主体地位直接授予自然的其它伦理学。利奥波德提倡的生态整体主义具有重要的现实意义，有助于协调和指导人与自然的关系。本文认为利奥波德对荒野的关注及保护唤醒了美国公众的荒野保护意识，使荒野作为存在本身能够得以继续存在下去。本文还认为利奥波德为当今生态美学研究奠定了最为重要的基石。此外，利奥波德提倡的生态教育对当今生态文明建设也具有重要的指导意义。 论文还对利奥波德的生平及其思想的发展进行了评述。论文择取对利奥波德生态思想有着重要影响的生平事件，勾勒出利奥波德生态思想的发展脉络，划分利奥波德生态思想的发展阶段，探讨导致利奥波德思想发生质变的重要因素。 本文的研究不仅在“是什么”的层面对利奥波德的生态思想进行了全面的解释和扩展，而且还从“为什么”的层面追究了其思想形成的重要原因，并进一步从“怎么样”的层面分析了利奥波德的生态思想的重要影响，尤其是结合美国生态保护的历史进程分析了利奥波德思想的现实性及实践指导意义。Aldo Leopold is an excellent ecological litterateur. As one of his main works, A Sand County Almanac is a masterwork of ecoliterature. However, the domestic research regarding Leopold as a philosopher or a moralist, so their research is based on the eco-philosophy and the eco-ethic. This essay analyzes his works from the view of ecological literary study in the reference of the overseas ecological criticism research for the first time. In the essay, Leopold is an ecological litterateur, which is different from other domestic correlative research. And also, this essay emphasizes his ecological thoughts, including his eco-holism. Besides, this essay especially analyzes his view of aesthetics and did some research about it. The article introduces and stresses Leopold’s ecological thought, including the analysis of the land ethics, ecological holism, his view of wilderness, ecological preservation, the ecological esthetics, as well as the view of ecological education. The aim is to dig the rich ecological thought contained in the text more comprehensively and make his thought get the deserved attentions. This essay thinks the land ethic is a new ethic with a strong applicability. It is different from the other ethics which give the moral identity to the other beings. The eco-holism helps people guide the relationship between the human beings and other creatures, which has realistic meanings. Leopold awoke American consciousness of wilderness protection because he made his whole life protect and call for wilderness protection. His study on the esthetics of the nature established the foundation of the esthetics research on ecocriticism. His ecological education has an important meaning on the modern construction of the eco-civilization. The article also introduces his life and analyzes the development of his ideas. The essay chooses the main life episodes and events which played important roles in the development of his thought and tries to outline the development of his important ecological thought. Besides, this article summarizes the different phrases of the development and the important factors which lead a qualitative change to his thought. The research of this article not only explains and extends “what the ecological thought he had”, but more widely, it also discusses the causes of the formation and analyzes the influences of his ideas, especially the objectivity and the guidance of his ideas in the conservative history of America.学位：文学硕士院系专业：人文学院中文系_比较文学与世界文学学号：1022006115008