O bem e o mal nas ‘Disputas Metafísicas’ de Francisco Suarez

* Doutor em Filosofia, Teologia Católica, Filologia Clássica pela Universidade de Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität). Professor da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP).Apoio: Carlos Arthur R. do Nascimento - PUC-SP - Depto. Filosofiahttp://dx.doi.org/10.14393/REVEDFIL.issn.0102-6801.v32n64a2018-09O bem e o mal nas ‘Disputas Metafísicas’ de Francisco SuarezResumo: Suarez (1548-1617) apresenta nas ‘Disputationes Metphysicae’ – Disp. 10 e 11 - uma explicação metafísica do termo ‘bem’ e do termo contrário ‘mal’. ‘Bem’ é um atributo transcendental, isto é, um predicado que cabe a todo ente real. Ele significa a perfeição e a conveniência do ente real. ‘Mal’ significa uma privação de perfeição ou uma inconveniência. O significado metafísico destes termos está na base do significado moral deles.Palavras-chave: Metafísica. Ente real e ente razão. Transcendentais. Bem e mal.The good and the evil in the ‘Disputationes metaphysicae’ from Francisco SuarezAbstract: Suarez (1548-1617) presents in the ‘Disputationes Metaphysicae’ - disp. 10 and 11 – a metaphysical explanation of the term ‘good’ and of the contrary term ‘evil’. ‘Good’ is a transcendental attribute, in other words, a predicate that can be said of every real being. It means the perfection and the convenience of real being. ‘Evil’ means a privation of perfection or an inconvenience. The metaphysical meaning of these words grounds the moral use of them.Key-words: Metaphysics. Real being and being of reason. Transcendentals. Good and evil. Le bien et le mal dans les ‘Disputationes metaphysicae’ de Francisco SuarezRésumé: Suarez (1548-1617) donne dans les ‘Disputationes Metaphysicae’ – Disp. 10 et 11 - une explication méthaphysique du term ‘bien’ et du term contraire ‘mal’. ‘Bien’ est un attribut transcendental, c´est-à-dire, un predicat que est dit de tous les êtres réels. Il signifie la perfection et la convenance d’un être réel. ‘Mal’ signifie une privation de perfection ou une inconvenance. La signification métaphysique de ces mots est le fondement de leur usage moral. Mots-clé: Metaphysique. Être reel et de raison. Transcendentaux. Bien et mal.Data de registro: 21/11/2016Data de aceite: 21/02/2018ReferênciasCOPLESTON, F. A history of philosophy. V.III. New York: Image Books. 1993.DARGE, Rolf. Suarez transzendental Seinsauslegung und die Metaphysiktradition. Leiden: Brill. 2004. KAUFMANN, Matthias. Francisco Suárez' lex naturalis zwischen inclinatio naturalis und kategorischen Imperativ (DL I; II. 5-16). IN: BACH, Oliver; BRIESKORN, Norbert; STIENIG, Gideon (Ed.). "Auctoritas omnium legum": Francisco Suárez' De legibus zwischen Theologie, Philosophie und Jurisprudenz. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann Holzboog. 2013.MACINTYRE, A. Dependent rational animals. Chicago: Open Court. 1999.GEMMEKE, Elisabeth. Die Metaphysik des sittlich Guten bei Franz Suarez. Freiburg – Basel – Wien: Herder. 1965.GRACIA, Jorge J. E. Evil and the transcendentality of goodness: Suárez´s solution to the problem of positive evils. IN: MACDONALD, Scott (Ed.). “Being and Goodness: The concept of the Good in Metaphysics and philosophical Theology”. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 1991.MILLER, Jon. Hugo Grotius. In: In: Zalta, Edward N. (Ed.). The Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2014. Disponível em: <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2014/entries/grotius/>.MURPHY, Mark. The Natural Law Tradition in Ethics. In: ______. (Ed.). The Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2011. Disponível em <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2011/entries/natural-law-ethics/>.PACE, Paul S. J. Suarez and the natural law. IN: SALAS, Victor; FASTIGG, Robert (Ed.). A companion to Francisco Suarez. Brill’s Companion to the Christian Tradition 53. Leiden. 2014, p. 274-297.SEIDLER, Michael. Pufendorf's Moral and Political Philosophy. In: Zalta, Edward N. (Ed.). The Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2015. Disponível em <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2015/entries/pufendorf-moral/>.SHIELDS, Christopher; SCHWARTZ, Daniel. Francisco Suárez. In: ______. (Ed.). The Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2015. Disponível EM <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2015/entries/suarez/>.SUAREZ, Francisco. Disputationes Metaphysicae. Texto digitalizado por Salvador Castellote.2004. Disponível em: <www.catedraldevalencia.es/castellote/d23.htm> e <www.catedraldevalencia.es/castellote/d24.htm>. ______. Francisco. De bonitate et malitia humanorum actuum. Opera Omnia. Paris: Vivès. 1856._____. Francisco. De legibus seu de deo legislatore. Opera Omnia. Paris: Vivès. 1856