A microfluidic countercurrent reactor for accelerating enzymatic reactions

[[abstract]]Enzymes are important catalysts in biochemical reactions with superior regio, stereo, and substrate selectivity. However, enzymatic reaction systems have drawbacks including product inhibition, difficulty recycling, and poor stability. Importantly, the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction diminishes rapidly due to product inhibition and substrate depletion, making it difficult for many enzymes to catalyze a reaction to completion. The outcome is a mixture of unreacted substrates being present in the final reaction, necessitating additional separation steps that increase costs. This study presents a microfluidic reactor for accelerating enzyme catalyzed reactions using a countercurrent design that continuously removes products and adds fresh substrate into the reaction, allowing enzymes to operate under better reaction conditions. It demonstrates that countercurrent flow accelerates enzymatic reactions in our system up to 36 % for horseradish peroxidase and 21 % for & beta;-glucosidase compared to cocurrent flow, and the resulting reaction solution contains highly pure product with minimal substrate contamination