PERBANYAKAN TUNAS PISANG RAJA SEREH DENGAN BAP DAN IAA, SERTA PENGARUH PBZ UNTUK PENYIMPANAN JANGKA MENENGAH PLANTLET SECARA IN VITRO

Pisang Raja Sereh (Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla) merupakan salah satu jenis pisang yang digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Produktivitas tanaman pisang Raja Sereh dapat ditingkatkan dengan memperbanyak bibit menggunakan metode kultur in vitro, namun dalam prosesnya masih terdapat kendala, yaitu kemungkinan terbentuknya variasi somaklonal akibat proses subkultur secara berulang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui konsentrasi BAP dan IAA yang paling efektif untuk perbanyakan tunas in vitro pisang Raja Sereh serta mengetahui respon plantlet terhadap pemberian PBZ dalam metode penyimpanan jangka menengah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2022 - Juni 2023 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, UNJ. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian terdiri dari 3 percobaan, yaitu perbanyakan tunas in vitro, penyimpanan jangka menengah plantlet, dan regenerasi plantlet setelah masa penyimpanan. Hasil perbanyakan tunas in vitro menunjukkan bahwa BAP 4,5 mg/L dan IAA 0,175 mg/L optimum untuk perbanyakan tunas plantlet Pisang Raja Sereh. Hasil penyimpanan jangka menengah menunjukkan bahwa PBZ mampu menghambat pertumbuhan tunas, akar, dan tinggi plantlet, serta mempertahankan kualitas daun selama 16 minggu masa penyimpanan. PBZ 4 dan 6 ppm merupakan konsentrasi optimum untuk menghambat pertumbuhan tunas dan tinggi plantlet. Hasil regenerasi plantlet menunjukkan plantlet mampu beregenerasi setelah ditumbuhkan kembali dalam media tumbuh normal dengan penambahan BAP 2,25 mg/L dan IAA 0,175 mg/L. Kata kunci: BAP, IAA, paclobutrazol, penyimpanan, perbanyakan, Raja Sereh *** Raja Sereh (Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla) is a type of banana that is favored by Indonesian people. Plant productivity of Raja Sereh can be increased by in vitro culture method, but in the process there are still obstacles, namely the possibility of somaclonal variations due to subculture processes. The aims of this study were to determine the most effective concentrations of BAP and IAA for in vitro shoot propagation of Raja Sereh banana and to determine the response of plantlets to PBZ in medium-term storage methods. The research was conducted in May 2022 - June 2023 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, UNJ. The research method used is an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD). The study consisted of 3 experiments, namely in vitro shoot propagation, plantlet medium-term storage, and plantlet regeneration after storage. The results of in vitro shoot propagation showed that BAP 4.5 mg/L and IAA 0.175 mg/L were optimum for the in vitro shoot propagation of plantlet Raja Sereh. The results of medium-term storage showed that PBZ was able to inhibit the growth of shoots, roots, and plantlet height, as well as maintain leaf quality during the 16 weeks of storage. PBZ 4 and 6 ppm are the optimum concentrations to inhibit shoot growth and plantlet height. The results of plantlet regeneration showed that plantlets were able to regenerate after being re-grown in normal growth media with the addition of 2.25 mg/L BAP and 0.175 mg/L IAA. Keywords: BAP, IAA, paclobutrazol, mid-term storage, propagation, Raja Sere