RANCANG BANGUN PENYIRAMAN DAN PEMUPUKAN OTOMATIS TANAMAN SAYUR SELADA BERBASIS IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS) MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLER ESP32

Penelitian bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat sistem otomasi penyiraman air dan pemupukan cair pada budidaya tanaman selada di dalam mini greenhouse berbasis IoT (Internet of Things). Pemantauan dan kendali set point dilakukan pada web dashboard node-RED. Kendali pengaturan jadwal penyemprotan pupuk cair menggunakan sensor RTC DS3231, kendali kelembapan tanah menggunakan bantuan sensor capacitive soil moisture v1.2 dengan mikrokontroler ESP32. Node-RED di-hosting di server cloud dengan nginx sebagai reverse proxy ke domain iot.depermana.com dan dapat diakses lewat internet. Penelitian menggunakan metode rekayasa teknik. Dimulai dari perancangan, pembuatan, dan pengujian. Penerapan konsep IoT, sistem penyiraman air didukung metode Blaney-Criddle sebagai perhitungan teoritis kebutuhan air tanaman dengan data iklim BMKG di daerah penelitian. Data tersebut dijadikan acuan penyiraman air. 3 Jadwal pupuk cair dapat diatur di tanggal dan bulan berbeda. Teknik pengumpulan data secara observasi, dan teknik analisis data secara deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian berhasil memberikan solusi efisien dan efektif untuk penyiraman dan pemupukan otomatis pada tanaman sayur selada dalam mini green house. Pompa siram air akan aktif memompa ketika kelembapan tanah di bawah batas yang ditetapkan, rata-rata persentase kesalahan volume penyiraman air sebesar 3%. Keakuratan penjadwalan pemupukan rata-rata kesalahan 0,7% atau selisih 2 detik. Dashboard Node-RED efektif memantau dan mengatur nilai set point. Alat bekerja pada tegangan 5 VDC dan 12 VDC dengan spesifikasi daya 28,4 W. ***** The research aims to design and build an automated watering and fertilization system in IoT (Internet of Things)-based for lettuce cultivation in a mini greenhouse. Monitoring and controlling of the set point can be done on the Node-RED web dashboard. Fertilizing schedules are established using the RTC DS3231 sensor, along with the help of a capacitive soil moisture v1.2 sensor to sense soil moisture, using an ESP32 microcontroller. Node-RED is hosted on a cloud server with Nginx as a reverse proxy to the iot.depermana.com domain, and it can be accessed from the internet. The research utilizes engineering methods, starting from the design, build, and testing phases. The IoT concept is applied, and the watering system is supported by the Blaney-Criddle method, which is used for theoretical calculation of plant water needs, along with BMKG climate data specific to the research area, serving as a reference for watering. Three fertilization schedules can be set for different dates and months. Observational techniques are used for data collection, and descriptive techniques are employed for data analysis. The research results have successfully provided an efficient and effective solution for watering and automatic fertilization of lettuce in a mini greenhouse. The watering pump will be active and start pumping when the soil humidity falls below the set threshold. The average percentage error in water irrigation volume is 3%. The fertilization scheduling achieved an average error rate of 0.7% or a difference of 2 seconds. The Node-RED dashboard effectively monitors and controls the set point values. The device operates at voltages of 5 VDC and 12 VDC with a power specification of 28.4 W