Spillover host tolerance of direct virus pathology and immunopathology modulate resulting virulence of spilled-over viruses.

Virulence of spilled-over virus (αS) across a range of values for 2 mechanisms of tolerance in the spillover host: tolerance of direct virus pathology (TvS, left column) and tolerance of immunopathology (TwS, right column). Results are expressed under assumptions of constant tolerance (top panels) and complete tolerance (bottom panels). In main text results, TwS is held constant for all predictions of spillover virulence but TvS is varied proportionally to the inverse time to MRCA between reservoir and spillover host. Data and code used to generate all figure panels are available in our publicly available GitHub repository (github.com/brooklabteam/spillover-virulence-v1.0.0; doi: 10.5281/zenodo.8136864). (PNG)