Self-reported anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients within six months of follow-up: A prospective cohort study

Objective: This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reportedmoderate or severe anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients during a six-monthfollow-up and to identify associated baseline factors.Methods: The study included patients aged ≥18 years who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 atDokuz Eylul University Hospital, Turkey, between November 2020 and May 2021. Telephoneinterviews were conducted at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months post-diagnosis to assess feelings ofanxiety and depression using the EQ-5D-3L scale. Generalized estimating equations wereemployed to identify factors associated with anxiety and depression after infection.Results: A total of 5446 patients participated in the study. The prevalence of feeling anxiousor depressive at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months post-diagnosis was 18.5%, 17.9%, and 15.4%,respectively. Several factors were associated with self-reported anxiety or depression: Olderage (≥65 years; OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.95-1.44), female gender (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.58-1.96),unfavourable economic status (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.34-1.97), more symptoms (4-5, OR:1.48, 95% CI: 1.21-1.81; ≥5, OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.35-2.01), having multiple underlying healthconditions (1-2, OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.19-1.54; ≥3: OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13-1.99), and intensivecare unit admission (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.70-3.90).Conclusion: COVID-19 patients commonly experience anxiety or depression, which maypersist long-term. Gender, economic status, and disease severity play significant roles in theirpsychological well-being. Identifying vulnerable groups can be instrumental in early diagnosisand provision of targeted mental care services.