During the first world war, the colonial authorities had been compelled to order a military occupation of Lower Casamance still in a state of resistance and to order a systematic disarmament of its population hostile to any military recruiting. Between the two wars, as it was peaceful about everywhere, that area of Senegal had been administrated without any major problems. It was interesting to see and analyse how those same populations reacted to the announcement of the general mobilization of 1939 and particularly after the defeat of the French army in their home countrv in 1940. The goal of the present article is to recount their attitude and show what the political, economic, and social conséquences prompted by World War II were in the ...