Understanding Perceptions of Victimisation: A Critical Analysis of Gay and Bisexual Male Grindr Users Negotiations of Safety and Risk

The victimisation of gay and bisexual men has gained significant academic and social attention, with that focus extending to the role of digital victimisation. Grindr has dominated the market for online dating apps targeting gay, bisexual, trans and queer people. Drawing on qualitative data collected with men who use Grindr, this paper addresses a gap in criminological literature by exploring the way that men that have sex with men negotiate perceptions of safety when engaging in real-world meetings that have been facilitated by Grindr. It is argued throughout this paper that risk-reduction strategies adopted by interviewees only reduce the perception of risk, rather than the actual risk of experiencing violent victimisation. As such, it is claimed exploring digital integration offers a more nuanced reading of the intertwined and fraught relations of risk and safety within digital and physical spaces