Itifalični kameni idol iz samostana sv. Naum kod Ohrida

The article presents a stone idol located in the courtyard of the monastery of St. Naum near Ohrid, discovered within its boundaries or somewhere in its surroundings at an unknown date. The authors offer a description of the monument, assumptions about its former appearance, and an analysis of its iconographic elements, with an emphasis on ithyphallicity and the pose of the hands. Through analogies, the article assesses the chronological and cultural affiliation of the idol, with arguments in favor of its potential Pagan-Slavic character. The monument is also observed in context of the mythological and religious traditions of the region, with a focus on the local cult of St. Naum and the legend of how he yoked a bear. In that direction, presented in the article are also the surrounding toponyms that contain Pagan-Slavic theonyms, with a predominance of those of a chthonic nature. The attribution and character of the idol is then derived on the basis of comparing its iconography with the domains of St. Naum as the depicted character’s Christian successor: agriculture, livestock, water, crafts, trade, as well as healing, especially of childlessness and mental illness.Članek predstavlja kamniti idol, ki se nahaja na dvorišču samostana sv. Nauma pri Ohridu. Odkrit je bil znotraj samostanskih meja oz. nekje v njegovi okolici, čas odkritja pa ni znan. Avtorja podajata opis spomenika, domneve o njegovi nekdanji podobi in analizo njegovih ikonografskih elementov s poudarkom na itifaličnosti in postavitvi rok. Članek skozi analogije ocenjuje kronološko in kulturno pripadnost idola z argumenti v prid morebitnega pogansko-slovanskega značaja. Spomenik je interpretiran tudi v kontekstu mitološkega in verskega izročila regije, s poudarkom na lokalnem kultu sv. Nauma in legendi o tem, kako je vpregel medveda. V tej smeri so v članku predstavljeni tudi okoliški toponimi, ki vsebujejo pogansko-slovanske teonime, med katerimi prevladujejo tisti htonične narave. Dodelitev značilnosti idola je nato izpeljana na podlagi primerjave njegove ikonografije s področji sv. Nauma kot krščanskega naslednika upodobljenega lika: poljedelstvo, živinoreja, voda, obrt, trgovina, pa tudi zdravljenje, zlasti neplodnosti in mentalnih bolezni