Competitiveness and Policy of Soybean Farming in Jeneponto Regency

The demand for local soybean commodities is very low compared to imported soybeans, which affects the decline in soybean planting area, and farmers are also less willing to farm soybeans because they are less profitable. Government policies related to soybean self-sufficiency are widely carried out, but imported soybean commodities still have stronger competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and government policies on soybean farming in Tamalatea District, Jeneponto Regency. This study used a survey method. Data collection techniques are observation and interviews. The sampling technique using purposive sampling is to choose soybean farmers who are more productive in their farming, so that the number of samples obtained is 48 farmers. The data analysis technique is quantitative descriptive analysis with the Policy Matrix Analysis method. The results of this study indicate that soybean farming has strong competitiveness, because it has a Private Cost Ratio value of 0.2077 and a Domestic Resource Cost Ratio of 0.1628, with a private profit of Rp 5,752,342.42 per hectare and social profit of Rp 7,682,461.16 per hectare. The input policy on soybean farming resulted in values including: input transfer (IT) of -184,240.32, transfer factor (TF) of Rp 14,365.87, and nominal protection coeficient input (NPCI) of 0.61104. Meanwhile, the output policy resulted in an output transfer (OT) value of Rp -2,099,993.19 and a nominal protection coefficient input (NPCO) of 0.7824. Input-output policies have values including: effectivity policy coeficient (EPC) of 0.7912, subsidy ratio for producer (SRP) of -0.20001, profitability coeficient (PC) of 0.7488, and net transfer (NT) of -1,930,118.73. Government policies that are protective of tradable inputs have a positive impact on soybean farming, so farmers pay lower prices than they should. Government protection policies against tradable output have not been effective, so soybean farmers get output prices that are lower than the price they should. Government policy on tradable inputs simultaneously has not been effective in protecting soybean farming, so it has not been able to provide incentives for increased production.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing dan kebijakan pemerintah terhadap usahatani kedelai di Kabupaten Jeneponto. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah wilayah Kecamatan Tamalatea Kabupaten Jeneponto. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode survei, observasi, dan wawancara terstruktur. Teknik pengambilan sampel digunakan metode purposive sampling yakni memilih petani kedelai yang relatif lebih produktif dalam usahataninya, dengan jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 48 petani. Teknik analisis data digunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode Policy Matrix Analisis (PAM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keuntungan privat usahatani kedelai setiap musim tanam sebesar Rp 5.752.342,42 per hektar, sedangkan keuntungan sosial sebanyak Rp 7.682.461,16 per hektar. Usahatani kedelai tersebut telah efisien secara finansial dan ekonomis, serta berdaya saing kuat (Private Cost Ratio = 0,2077 dan Domestic Resource Cost Ratio = 0,1628). Kebijakan usahatani kedelai meliputi (a) kebijakan input (input transfer/IT = -184.240,32, transfer factor/TF = Rp  14.365,87, dan nominal protection coeficient input/NPCI = 0,61104);  (b) kebijakan output (nilai output transfer/OT = Rp -2.099.993,19, nominal protection coeficient input/NPCO = 0,7824); dan (c) kebijakan input-output (effectivity policy coeficient/EPC = 0,7912, subsidy ratio for producer/SRP = -0,20001, profitability coeficient/PC = 0,7488),  Net Transfer/NT = -1.930.118,73).   Kata kunci : daya saing, kebijakan, kedelai, usahatan