Unlocking Tolerance in a Diversity through Hadith: : A Lesson-Learned from Manado, a City of a Thousand Churches

Tolerance among religious adherents in Indonesia as a plural state is necessary. Therefore, this current research aims at seeking religious tolerance among people in Manado, classifying and analyzing the implementation of hadith on religious tolerance in the city of a thousand churches. This research is qualitative descriptive research using the social-phenomenon approach. Primary and secondary data were collected through a literature review supported by empirical research. Empirical research data were collected through interviews and observation. Data were analyzed descriptively using an interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which covers data collection, data reduction, data display, data verification, and conclusion. This research shows that hadith related to tolerance in diversity are classified into five categories, i.e., giving and taking gifts or food to and from non-Muslims, trading interaction with non-Muslims, non-Muslim allowance praying at the mosque, respecting non-Muslims' corpses, and eating allowance with non-Muslims containers. Among those five categories, the only third category is not shown explicitly in the daily life of Manado people. It could be caused by the church's numbers quantitatively in Manado being more than the mosque numbers. The hadith implementation for tolerance indicates that the diversity of the Manado people does not always affiliate with the act of intolerance. Moreover, tolerance acts among 'different' people are commonly found in their daily life. It can be easily found during a public religious celebration, e.g., Ramadhan month, Idul Fitri, Christmas day, new year, and other religious ceremonies.Toleransi antar umat beragama di Indonesia sebagai negara plural adalah merupakan suatu keniscayaan. Dengan demikian, penelitian in bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran toleransi keberagaman di Manado dan mengklasifikasi serta menganalisis implementasi hadith tentang toleransi keberagaman di kota seribu gereja. Penelitian lini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan fenomena sosial. Data primer dan sekunder dikumpulkan melalui penelitian kepustakaan ditunjang dengan penelitian empirik. Data penelitian empirik diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Analisis data menggunakan model tersebut meliputi; pengumpulan data, reduksi data, menampilkan data, verifikasi data verification, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima hadith terkait toleransi dalam keberagaman. Kelima kategorisasi tersebut meliputi; memberi dan menerima hadian atau makanan kepada dan dari non-Muslims, interaksi perdagangan atau jual-beli dengan non-Muslims, bolehnya non-Muslim melaksanakan ibadah di masjid, menghormati jenazah non-Muslims, dan memakan makanan menggunakan wadah makanan non-Muslims. Dari lima kategorisasi tersebut, kategori ketiga tampak belum dilakukan di kalangan masyarakat Manado. Hal ini bisa jadi disebabkan karena jumlah gereja di kota tersebut jauh lebih banyak daripada jumlah masjid. Implementasi hadith toleransi tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa keragaman masyarakat Manado tidak selalu berakhir pada tindakan intoleran, akan tetapi justru malah sebaliknya. Toleransi antar masyarakat kota Manado umumnya dapat dilihat dengan mudah dalam kesehariannya, apalagi jika terdapat seremoni keagamaan, seperti aktivitas keagamaan di bulan ramadhan, Idul Fitri, natal, tahun baru, imlek, dan perayaan-perayaan keagamaan lainnya