International audienceThis work consists in studying the life cycle of geographical information as a whole divided into four main stages: data manufacturing, processing of geographical information, its representation and finally its circulation through the case of the Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). MSP aims to organize the development of the maritime economy and to achieve social objectives while respecting the good ecological status of the seas, based on the "best available data". It is therefore based on geographic information and geotechnologies. However, while part of the “reality” is neither described by existing information nor mobilized for planning purposes, and while there are still technical limitations intrinsic to the technolo...