Network losses with photovoltaic and storage

Recent development of dispersed generation technologies employing sustainable energy resources has encouraged the entry of power generation at distribution level. The close distance between load and generation reduces the network losses. However, DG system with electronic devices gives harmonic distortion. Harmonics introduce additional losses and could cause premature ageing as well as earlier re-investment of network components. This paper examines the network losses of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV). The fundamental and harmonic losses of main network components, including transformer and cables, are calculated and compared among three cases: 1) without PV, 2) with PV, and, 3) with PV and storage.