Egypt inherits a structurant industrial past. Its development coincides with the industrial revolution in Europe, and up to now, the industry has been living following the use of a centralist and dirigist state, which was dominated by a powerful military and industrial complex, and which strangled private initiative. Today, the Egyptian economy, edged by considerable inputs of external capitals, would wish to enter in the post-industrial era without transition. Nevertheless, between inheritance and myths, the industrial map of the country still is that of an underdeveloped country, which resists to the politics of structural adjustment leaded by the international organizations.L'Egypte hérite d'un passé industriel structurant. Son développe...