The Neolithic seulement in the Massif de Sainte-Victoire shows peculiar phenomena the nature and origin of which we have to define. Actually we can make out different periods of settlement and anthropisation. During prehistoric times till the Middle Neolithic there has been a long period of temporary frequentations. It looks like the early food producers have exploited the area occupying caves episodically. A lot of archaelogical remains belonging to Late Neolithic gives evidences of new stage of extended settlement. This phenomena is contemporaneous with the great demographic increase of the Late Neolithic which pushed population to unexploited peripheral lands. Then we observe, as usual in Provence at this time, a lack of human activities...