Optimal planning of integrated multi-energy systems

In this paper, a mathematical approach for the optimal planning of integrated energy systems is proposed. In order to address the challenges of future, RES-dominated energy systems, the model deliberates between the expansion of traditional energy infrastructures, the integration of these infrastructures using conversion technologies (e.g. gas-to-electricity-and-heat, power-to-heat, power-to-gas), and the placement of energy storage. The model is demonstrated using a representative case study from the city of Eindhoven. Current energy data from 2015 is combined with city development scenarios and sustainability goals for 2030 and 2045. Optimal green- and brownfield designs for a district's future integrated energy system are compared using a one-step, as well as a two-step planning approach. As expected, the greenfield designs are more cost efficient, as their results are not constrained by the existing infrastructure.