Scan-optimized integrated lens antennas

In this paper the scan properties of integrated lens antennas with a quarter-wavelength matching layer are analyzed. For beam scanning on and within a cone, optimum feed positions are determined. It appears that for beam scanning on a cone the elliptical lens is the best choice if a small scan angle is required while the extended hemispherical lens should be used in case of a large scan angle. For beam scanning within a cone it is recommended to select an elliptical lens if a large average directivity is required while the extended hemispherical lens appears to be the best choice if a small variation in the directivity is important