The spinozistic distinction between fixed ; eternal things and singular mutable things amounts to consider the finite modi either in their eternal essence or as existing in space and time. Every singular thing is conceived as an individual essence, which is a particular determination of God's eternal essence and thereby an expression of His infinite power, so that each singular essence is vis or conatus. This conception prefigures the leibnizian monad, by which a distinction is presupposed between the course of phenomena, ruled by the laws of mechanics, and the realm of substances, endowed with metaphysical dynamism and aiming at spiritual harmony. Moreover, looking back from monads as partes totales on spinozistic modi, these are faced as ...