Scaling Techniques in Social Science

In all sorts of research investigations, measuring numerous dependent and independent variables is crucial. In social science research, an object or an object's features are described using a hybrid composition of quantitative and qualitative factors until and unless the qualitative variables are grouped along some form of a continuum; measuring them is exceedingly challenging. What is scaling, and why do we go for scaling in the research? Creating a continuum to locate the measurable elements, particularly the qualitative attributes, is the process of scaling. Thus the process of scaling is a procedure for assigning symbols, numerical values, or numbers to any attribute of the object under investigation in order to impart some of the characteristics of numbers or numerical values to the attributes in question. These measurable items or attributes could include people's interests and perspectives, attitudes, and other behavioural traits. The scaling strategies may change depending on the degree of measurement of the various factors taken into account in the investigation. The purpose of scaling may be to test a theory or hypothesis or to understand the multiple dimensions based on the perceived importance or preferences concerning an object based on scoring. The scale design used to assess a disposition, quality, or attribute is a crucial element to be considered. The scale-building items chosen must rationally measure the attribute(s) that is (are) the subject of the specific scientific research. Hence the foremost thing needed for scale construction is a thorough understanding of the object (characteristics of the object). This chapter describes types of different scaling techniques in social science in terms of their construction, use and interpretation of results