Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Framework: A Path to TVET Training Skills Enhancement in Africa.

A good number of research studies have been conducted on the framework of teacher/trainer knowledge commonly known as TPACK (Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge). Findings in Africa showed that teachers in TVET are fully equipped with Technological and content knowledge and a few of them are equipped with pedagogical knowledge. In some countries, governments have established the training centers for pre and in-service TVET trainers and results showed that the performance for those who were trained is greater than the one of those who are not yet trained. In our country, Rwanda TVET Trainer Institute (RTTI) has been established to absorb those challenges of staff who are partly qualified. We recommend that the partnerships should not only remain in teaching facilities but also in training of the trainers in this framework which is very important for module deliverers to provide adequate skills. Governments in Africa should establish pre-service institutes dedicated to training of trainers who would teach in technical and vocational schools at all levels of their qualification frameworks. Those in-service teaching staff who are not yet trained should be offered Technological and Pedagogical Training to enhance their teaching activities preparation and implementation. This would stop hiring employees who would not provide ineffective and inefficient output in the institutions’ graduates production. Private sectors across Africa should invest in establishing training and consultancy companies that would upgrade the TVET tutors’ level of TPAC