Spain: the invention of laïcity Compared to others European countries, Spanish laïcity is a recent construction. The religious question has, for a long time, divided Spain between traditionalists and liberals. The Second Republic laicization experience failed and led to the Civil War. After Franco’s death, in the course of two decades time, the modernization of Spanish society, the reformist will of the Church and the project, shared by all the political actors, to instaure, peaceably, the democracy have defined new relations between the Church and the State. The institutional laicization recognizes religious beliefs and maintains appropriate cooperation with the Catholic Church and other confessions.RÉSUMÉ: Au regard des autres pays europ...