Thermodynamic optimization and phase equilibria study of the MgO–ZnO, CaO–ZnO, and CaO–MgO–ZnO systems

Funding Information: Funding from the The Technology Industries of Finland Centennial Foundation - Steel and Metal Producers' Fund is greatly appreciated. This study utilized the Academy of Finland's RawMatTERS Finland Infrastructure (RAMI), based jointly at Aalto University, GTK, and VTT. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The AuthorsThe binary MgO–ZnO and CaO–ZnO systems and the ternary CaO–MgO–ZnO system were thermodynamically optimized with phase equilibria studies in this study. Bragg-Williams random mixing model was used for solid solutions, while Modified Quasichemical Model was used for liquid solution. The thermodynamic optimization was conducted using Factsage 8.1 thermochemical software. The optimized phase diagrams fit well with phase equilibria experimental results. The phase equilibria studies were performed for the MgO–ZnO systems at 600 °C, 650 °C, 700 °C, and 1000 °C, and for CaO–MgO–ZnO systems at 1500 °C, 1550 °C, and 1600 °C. Quenched samples were analyzed by SEM/EDS to confirm equilibrium phases. Liquid phases were newly observed in the CaO–MgO–ZnO systems at 1550 °C and 1600 °C.Peer reviewe