Non-human Primates in Biomedical Research

Although non-human primates (NHP) account for less than a fraction of one percent of all of the animals used for biomedical research, their many similarities to humans make them vital, and presently irreplaceable, models for humans for certain types of research (Hau et al., 2000). The most common areas of research in which NHP are used include microbiology (including HIV/AIDS), neuroscience and biochemistry/ chemistry. Several of the Old World monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops, Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis and Papio spp.) are the most commonly used species for research (Carlsson et al., 2004). Based on all articles published in 2001, it has recently been estimated that the global number of NHP used in research, including those participating in more than one protocol, is in the vicinity of 100,000-200,000 animals annually (Carlsson et al., 2004). The authors of the present paper were invited to give evidence to the joint Academy of Medical Sciences/Medical Research Council/Royal Society/Wellcome Trust study into the use of non-human primates in research, and this article is therefore addressed to the joint committee.