Multiwavelength Variability of Sagittarius A* in 2019 July

We report a timing analysis of near-infrared (NIR), X-ray, and submillimeter data during a 3 day coordinated campaign observing Sagittarius A*. Data were collected at 4.5 mu m with the Spitzer Space Telescope, 2-8 keV with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, 3-70 keV with NuSTAR, 340 GHz with ALMA, and 2.2 mu m with the GRAVITY instrument on the Very Large Telescope Interferometer. Two dates show moderate variability with no significant lags between the submillimeter and the infrared at 99% confidence. A moderately bright NIR flare (F-K similar to 15 mJy) was captured on July 18 simultaneous with an X-ray flare (F2-10 keV similar to 0.1 counts s(-1)) that most likely preceded bright submillimeter flux (F-340 GHz similar to 5.5 Jy) by about +34(-33)(+14) minutes at 99% confidence. The uncertainty in this lag is dominated by the fact that we did not observe the peak of the submillimeter emission. A synchrotron source cooled through adiabatic expansion can describe a rise in the submillimeter once the synchrotron self-Compton NIR and X-ray peaks have faded. This model predicts high GHz and THz fluxes at the time of the NIR/X-ray peak and electron densities well above those implied from average accretion rates for Sgr A*. However, the higher electron density postulated in this scenario would be in agreement with the idea that 2019 was an extraordinary epoch with a heightened accretion rate. Since the NIR and X-ray peaks can also be fit by a nonthermal synchrotron source with lower electron densities, we cannot rule out an unrelated chance coincidence of this bright submillimeter flare with the NIR/X-ray emission