纳米金属腐蚀 = Corrosion of nanoscale metals

纳米尺度金属的小尺寸效应、超高比表面积以及表面大量缺陷、悬空化学键等活性反应位，使其具有完 全不同于传统块体金属的优异化学反应活性。然而，高反应活性在使得纳米金属在获得特殊性质和功能的同 时，其抗氧化、腐蚀等稳定性问题也成为限制其实际应用的主要因素。金属纳米材料在实际应用中绝大部分 是在溶液环境下，或处于有液体接触的复杂多相体系中，腐蚀问题不可避免。纳米金属材料在溶液中的腐蚀 失效问题是该类材料实现真正大规模实际应用必须要面对和解决的关键问题。但由于其具有低维度和小尺 寸等特点，纳米金属的腐蚀研究存在极大的困难，无论是研究实验方法还是理论体系都与传统宏观金属腐蚀 体系具有很大的不同。本文系统总结了近年来关于纳米贵金属(Pt、Ag)、纳米过渡金属(Cu、Ni、Fe)、活性纳米金属(Al、Mg)以及纳米半导体金属(Ge)等典型低维纳米金属材料的环境稳定性及腐蚀行为研究进展，并对未来在纳米尺度金属腐蚀研究的理论和实验创新方面进行了分析和展望。Beneficial from small-size effect, super-high specific surface area and a large amount of defects and dangling bonds on the surface, nanoscale metals exhibit superior chemical activities than traditional bulky counterparts. Nevertheless, it is the high reaction activities of nanoscale metals that in turn make them vulnerable to be oxidized and corroded, which is a main obstacle in their applications. In liquid solutions or liquid-involving multiphase environment, corrosion on nanoscale metals is ubiquitous so that it remains a crucial issue before nanoscale metals are widely employed in real applications. Due to the low-dimension and small-size of nanoscale metals, it is a huge challenge of studying their corrosion behaviors since the experimental and theoretical methods are significantly different from those on bulky metals. In the present paper, recent studies on environmental stability and corrosion behaviors of nanoscale noble metals (Pt, Ag), transition metals (Cu, Ni, Fe), active metals (Al, Mg) and semi-conductor metal (Ge) have been reviewed. Meanwhile, analysis and expectations of theoretical and experimental innovations have also been stated for the further study the corrosion on nanoscale metals.Published versio