High speed design of an automotive electronic system using electromagnetic simulation

Rapid advancement in electronics industry has resulted in many of the consumer based electronics being applied in the automotive environment. With much faster clock rate, shorter transition time and harsher environmental conditions, a set of design rules for good signal integrity (SI) performance in the automotive environment is hence necessary. Signal Integrity refers to the quality of the signal that needs to be controlled for the receiver in an electronic design to perform its intended goal. At low frequencies, a wire or a PCB track may be considered to be an ideal circuit where resistance, capacitance, or inductance is negligible. However at high frequencies, Alternating Current (AC) circuit characteristics overrule, causing impedances, inductances, and capacitances to become significant in the wire. The wire impedance is extremely important, as any mismatch within the transmission path results in a reduction in signal quality. While this mismatch causes the transmitted signal to not fully absorb by the receiver, the excess energy is then reflected back to the transmitter. And this process will continue to repeat until all the energy is absorbed. Hence, at high data rates, result in signal overshoot, undershoot, and ringing waveforms, will occur which may be considered as signal errors. Hence, to solve this issue, matching impedance between components and wires/traces should be used throughout the circuit.Bachelor of Engineerin