新加坡华语与普通话常用词汇的对比研究 ：以新加坡本地大学生与中国留学生的判断为例 = A comparative study on daily used vocabularies of Singaporean Mandarin and Mainland China Mandarin : based on Singaporean and Chinese undergraduates in Singapore

“华语”与“普通话”一直被认为是异名同指，但在实际运用上，它们却涵盖了不同的历史 、地理和文化背景。新加坡华语在其独特的社会背景下发展出了其专属的特色，尤其是在语音、词汇及句法上有着其显著的特点。本论文将针对华语的常用词汇进行研究。语料的收集主要通过平时日常对话、观看本土综艺节目，并以汪惠迪编著的《新加坡特有词语词典》（1999）中和李宇明主编的《全球华语词典》（2010）为依据，共计120个词和短语。再以《现代汉语词典》第6版为标准找出相对应的120个普通话词汇和短语。将240个词语进行造句并做成问卷调查，对新加坡本地土生土长的22位大学学生，以及22位在新加坡生活至少半年以上的中国留学生进行调查。作答者对240个句子的用词进行判断（以1到5的指标：1表示最恰当、5表示最不恰当），判断后作答者可提供他们认为更恰当的用词。结果发现新加坡学生对于普通话和华语用词都了解，但会更习惯于使用华语词汇。而中国学生在华语词汇的理解上会造成误解，特别是在新加坡居住时间少于两年的学生。中国学生的语言习惯也随着在新加坡居住时间的增长而改变，并且中国学生对于华语的态度比较包容和接受。 Singaporean Mandarin and Mainland China Mandarin have always been recognized as the same language. However, these two varieties of Chinese language are representations of two different historical, geographical and cultural backgrounds. Singaporean Mandarin has developed itself into a unique style which differentiates itself from Mainland China Mandarin, in terms of its pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. This thesis investigates on the different usage of daily vocabularies between the Mandarin used in Singapore and China. A total of 120 Singaporean Mandarin words were collected for this study through daily conversations and local varieties of TV programs. The “Times Dictionary of Singapore Chinese” and “Global Chinese Dictionary” were used as references for the analysis of the Singaporean Mandarin words collected. Corresponding to these 120 words, their equivalents found in Mainland Chinese Mandarin were included for the comparative analysis. A questionnaire that includes 240 sentences with all the words collected was designed and to be used as a survey for the speakers of the two varieties of the Chinese language. A total of 44 participants were recruited for the study. Half of them are students from Mainland China (Experiment Group) and the other half (Control Group) are Singaporean students. In the test, the participants were asked to rate the usage of the words on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 as “the most appropriate” and 5 as “the least appropriate". After rating the words, the participants were asked to provide alternative words that they deemed more appropriate. The results of the survey showed that the Singapore students understood both varieties of the language, but preferred to use their own variety in daily life. As a contrast, the Chinese students tended to misunderstand the meanings of the Singaporean Mandarin words, especially those who had been in Singapore for less than two years. It was also found that the students from MainlandChina were in the process of changing their language habit. Overall, the longer they stayed in Singapore, the more they tended to be receptive toward the Singaporean Mandarin.Bachelor of Art