Confronting the environmental Kuznets curve : a study for Singapore

This report studies the pollution income relationship under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to examine the extent of environmental degradation as the country becomes more affluent. A reduced form model was used in our econometric analysis to examine if the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) phenomenon applies to Singapore. The hypothesis states that during initial stages of development, emission levels increases as income increases. However beyond a certain income level, the trend reverses where environmental quality improves with increased income levels. Applying our regression models on the 4 pollutants- Carbon Dioxide(CO2), Sulphur Dioxide(SO2), PM-2.5 and PM-10, our results showed that the EKC hypothesis only holds for CO2 and SO2.Bachelor of Art