The profile of general German administrative law is changing under the influence of a new theoretical approach that focuses on the controlling effects developed by administrative law instruments (“new jurisprudence of administrative law”). This conceptually comprehensive and supposedly realist approach has been criticized, especially for failing to live up to the empirically challenging demands of its theoretical design. A recent and more modest alternative approach based on “governance” tries to avoid the problematic characteristics of the “new jurisprudence”. Sceptical of the success of its flawed empirical orientation, the “governance“ approach instead concentrates on the observable interactions of administrative law instruments. This ha...