Catalysts and processes for gluconic and glucaric acids production: A comprehensive review of market and chemical routes

Glucaric acid and gluconic acid, compounds with diverse applications, have market values projected to reach $1.4 billion and $1.9 billion by 2028, respectively. The one-pot glucose oxidation to glucaric acid and the two-step, partial oxidation to gluconic acid present options for developing a new industrial process. This study demonstrates that gold catalysts can efficiently produce gluconic acid under basic pH conditions and mild temperature and pressure conditions. In contrast, platinum catalysts effectively generate glucaric acid through a one-pot reaction, achieving yields of up to 82% mol at slightly basic pH levels, high oxygen partial pressures, and temperatures up to 353 K. The article proposes using two reactors in series to enhance yield and efficiency. The first reactor would partially oxidize glucose to gluconic acid, while the second would facilitate the reaction to obtain glucaric acid. Overall, this article offers valuable insights into these two significant acids' market potential and production