Impact of Adjacent Land Use, Infrastructure and Urbanization on Water Quality in a River from Headwater to Downstream

Generally, the rivers originate as a pure and clean stream from headwater but are then affected by type of adjacent land use and increased human intervention as they flow downstream. The mixing of surface drainage, pollutants and wastewater from modified land use in river basin result broadly in reduced quality of water and increased decay of aqua life. The concentration of pollutants and abundance/ richness of macro invertebrates can be used to determine the impacts on stream quality throughout the course of flow