Psychosocial support to victims of peer bullying

Z vrstniškim ustrahovanjem se strokovnjaki spopadajo že mnogo let, sproti pa so se in se še vedno pojavljajo nove oblike tega problema. Tem je potrebno slediti in jih ustrezno obravnavati, saj je to pomemben dejavnik pri zatiranju in nadzoru ustrahovanja med vrstniki. Prav tako je pomembna ustrezna preventivna dejavnost na tem področju ter sodelovanje vpletenih institucij, ki so odgovorne za preprečevanje in zatiranje ustrahovanja. Namen diplomske naloge je ugotoviti, kakšne oblike pomoči so na voljo otrokom in mladostnikom, ki so žrtve vrstniškega ustrahovanja. Poleg tega želimo izvedeti, katere oblike pomoči so najbolj učinkovite, na koga se žrtve največkrat obrnejo po pomoč in katerim institucijam manj zaupajo, zakaj sploh pride do ustrahovanja, kdo so žrtve in kdo storilci ter kako bi lahko izboljšali prakso pomoči, tako za žrtve kot tudi za storilce. Ugotavljamo, da večina žrtev pomoč najprej poišče pri osebah, s katerimi so največ v stiku in jim lahko zaupajo. Te jih nato napotijo do strokovnjakov, usposobljenih na tem področju, da jim nudijo ustrezno pomoč. To največkrat zajema individualno svetovanje in pogovor, odločijo pa se tudi za skupinske delavnice in programe, ki so primerni glede na posamezno situacijo. Različne institucije med seboj večinoma uspešno sodelujejo, a bi si tega želeli v večji meri. Pomembno je, da so osebe, ki so z otroci in mladostniki največ v stiku, pozorne na njihovo obnašanje in morebitne znake stiske. Le tako jim lahko zagotovijo ustrezno pomoč, ko jo potrebujejo in s tem razvijejo pozitiven odnos. Velik delež nasilja še vedno ostaja skrit, saj si žrtve o tem ne upajo spregovoriti. Zato se pristojne institucije trudijo, da bi otroke in mladostnike spodbudile k pogovoru o težkih situacijah, v katerih se znajdejo.Experts have been dealing with peer violence for many years, but at the same time new types of the problem are constantly developing. Those need to be studied and appropriately treated, as that is important aspect of suppression and control of peer bullying. It is also important to practice prevention activities and include institutions that are in charge of preventing and suppressing bullying. The purpose of the thesis is to conclude, what kind of help is available to children and adolescents that are victims of peer bullying. We also want to research, what are the most effective methods of help, who do victims trust the most, who are the perpetrators and victims and how to improve support for the latter. We conducted that victims tend to search for support in their closest and most trusted persons. They can refer them to a specialist that works in appropriate field. That usually includes individual conversations and counseling. They can also come together in group sessions, that are appropriate for their situation. Institutions work together successfully, but we would like to see more of that. It is important that persons that are in contact with victims the most, monitor their behavior and sings of distress. That is the only way to provide them with help they need and make sure they develop a healthy relationship with them. Big part of bullying remains hidden, as a result of victims being scared to share their problems. That is a reason institutions claim that they are trying to get youth to speak about hard situations that they find themselves in