Legal and ethical aspects of safe transfusion practice

Kri je najdragocenejše darilo, ki ga človek lahko da sočloveku in je dar življenja. Odločitev za darovanje krvi lahko reši bodisi eno bodisi več življenj. Kri je potrebna za reševanje. V nekaterih primerih pa služi za vzdrževanje življenj tistih z zdravstvenimi težavami. Darovalci, ki redno darujejo, skrbijo za stabilno preskrbo s krvjo. Staranje prebivalstva predstavlja veliko težavo, saj je zaradi tega zagotavljanje krvi oteženo, predvsem zaradi pomanjkanja krvodajalcev. Na področju transfuzijske medicine osrednjo problematiko predstavlja odklanjanje transfuzije zaradi verskega prepričanja. Ravno to je področje, ki sproža razna etična, moralna in tudi pravna vprašanja v zdravstvenih ustanovah. Zdravniki se vsakodnevno srečujejo s številnimi etičnimi vprašanji, kot je zavračanje transfuzije krvi iz verskih razlogov, vendar ima vsak duševno sposoben posameznik absolutno moralno in zakonsko pravico zavrniti transfuzijo. Zdravnikov osebni odnos do življenja, bolezni in zdravja je odločilnega pomena pri opravljanju njegovega strokovnega dela. Ob stiku z bolniki in posledično njihovimi problemi se pogosto sprašuje, kako bi sam odreagiral v podobnih situacijah. Zdravniki so se v preteklosti ravnali po smernicah, ki so na prvo mesto postavljali ohranitev pacientovega življenja in tako niso imeli nobenih težav zaradi etičnih dilem. V zadnjem času pa vedno bolj v ospredje prihaja pacientova pravica do samoodločbe. Spoštovanje pacientove samoodločbe je osrednje etično načelo zdravstvene oskrbe. Vsak posameznik ima pravico samostojno odločati o svojem zdravju, tudi če se nekaterim osebam te odločitve zdijo nerazumljive. Vse to so razlogi, zakaj se zdravniki pri svojem delu srečujejo s številnimi težavami pri sprejemanju etičnih vrednot, čeprav so te vrednote v nasprotju z medicinsko etiko. Spoštovanje pacientove avtonomije kot tudi zakonskih pravic zahteva pridobitev informirane privolitve pred vsakim medicinskim posegom. Zadevna dokumentacija ščiti tako pravico pacienta do odločanja o lastnem zdravstvenem varstvu kot poklicno prakso zdravstvenih delavcev.Blood is the most precious gift that a person can give to a fellow human being, it is the gift of life. The decision to donate blood can save either one or more lives, blood is needed to save in emergency situations, or it can be just to sustain the lives of those with medical problems. Donors who donate regularly ensure a stable blood supply for our nation. The aging of the population is a major problem, as it makes the provision of blood more difficult due to the shortage of blood donors. In the field of transfusion medicine, the central issue is refusal of transfusion due to religious beliefs. This is precisely the area that raises various ethical, moral and also legal issues in healthcare institutions. Doctors face many ethical issues on a daily basis, such as refusing a blood transfusion for religious reasons, but every mentally competent individual has an absolute moral and legal right to refuse a transfusion. A doctor\u27s personal attitude towards life, illness and health is of decisive importance in the performance of his work. When dealing with patients and their problems, the doctor often wonders how he himself would react to similar situations. In the past, doctors followed treatment guidelines that put the preservation of the patient\u27s life first and thus did not have any problems due to such ethical dilemmas. Recently, however, the patient\u27s right to self-determination has increasingly come to the fore. Respect for the patient\u27s self-determination is a central ethical principle of medical care. Everyone has the right to make independent decisions about their health, even if these decisions seem irrational to other people. This is the reason why doctors face many problems in their work in accepting ethical values, even if these values are in conflict with medical ethics. Respecting the patient\u27s autonomy as well as legal rights requires obtaining informed consent before any medical intervention. The documentation in question protects both the patient\u27s right to make decisions about his own health care and the professional practice of health workers