International responsibility of states for environmental damage

Mednarodna odgovornost držav za okoljsko škodo se nanaša na obveznosti držav, da preprečijo in obravnavajo okoljsko škodo, ki jo povzročijo s svojimi dejavnostmi, vključno z dejavnostmi zasebnih povzročiteljev, ki delujejo v njihovi pristojnosti. Ta odgovornost izhaja iz različnih virov mednarodnega prava, vključno z običajnim mednarodnim pravom, mednarodnimi pogodbami in splošnimi načeli mednarodnega prava. Mednarodno okoljsko pravo je tesno povezano s podnebnimi spremembami, saj so podnebne spremembe eno od najbolj pomembnih okoljskih vprašanj, s katerimi se danes sooča svet. Zagotavlja pravni okvir za obravnavanje podnebnih sprememb, vključno z zmanjševanjem emisij toplogrednih plinov in spodbujanjem trajnostnega razvoja, na podlagi številnih pogodb in sporazumov, kot so UNFCCC in Pariški sporazum. Degradacija okolja je povezana tudi s kršenjem temeljnih človekovih pravic, kot so pravica do življenja, zdravja ter varnega in zdravega okolja. Zato se v mednarodnem okoljskem pravu vse bolj priznava pomen varstva človekovih pravic v okviru onesnaževanja okolja. Podnebne spremembe so priznane kot grožnja človekovim pravicam, zlasti pravicam ranljivih skupin prebivalstva, kot so avtohtone skupnosti, ženske in otroci. Zato mednarodni organi vse bolj priznavajo, da morajo države za zaščito človekovih pravic sprejeti ukrepe za blažitev in prilagajanje posledicam podnebnih sprememb.The international responsibility of States for environmental damage refers to the obligations of States to prevent and address environmental damage caused by their activities, including those of private actors acting within their jurisdiction. This responsibility derives from various sources of international law, including customary international law, international treaties and general principles of international law. International environmental law is closely linked to climate change, as climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing the world today. It provides the legal framework for addressing climate change, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable development, through a number of treaties and agreements such as the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. Environmental degradation is also linked to the violation of fundamental human rights, such as the right to life, health and a safe and healthy environment. For this reason, the importance of protecting human rights in the context of environmental pollution is increasingly recognised in international environmental law. Climate change is recognised as a threat to human rights, in particular the rights of vulnerable populations such as indigenous communities, women and children. As a result, international bodies are increasingly recognising the need for States to take measures to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change in order to protect human rights