Summary. — Stable isotopes recovered from fossil bones can be used to reconstruct the diet of past human populations. Studies in living populations with different food habits allow a validation of the method. The food consumption of four societies living in different ecosystems have been studied in Cameroon and the isotopic composition of their hair analysed. Carbon 13 isotope content differentiates populations who regularly consume grains from those who consume wild plants, non-grain crops or the protein of wild animals. Nitrogen 15 isotope differentiates those dependent on milk or meat from domestic animals or marine resources from those dependent mainly on plant foods. Combined use of carbon and nitrogen isotopes reported here permits th...