SUMMARY. — This article shows how Pietro Mengoli (1625-1686), a mathematician from Bologna and pupil of Cavalieri makes use of Euclid's theory of proportions in his Geometriæ speciosæ elementa (1659). Mengoli develops new theories, the theory of « quasi proportions » and the theory of logarithmic ratios involving arguments similar to those used by Euclid in the elaboration of the theory of proportions in book V of the Elements. The text reveals a detailed analysis of the construction of the theory of logarithmic ratios founded on the original idea of the elevation of a ratio. Furthermore, I bring out the reasons that pushed Mengoli to use Euclid's theory as the basis of his own conceptions.RÉSUMÉ. — Cet article montre l'usage spécifique que...